Sir Henry Parkes's late 19th Century vision to unite six separate British self-governing colonies into a Federation of Australia was way back then progressive, logical and right for that time. It was a first step towards independence for what Australia was then still fragmented set of British colonies.
But Australia has changed significantly over the hundred odd years since then. Our present Constitution allows us, by law and by default, to be ruled by three tiers of government It is cumbersome, expensive and worse. Democracy itself is undermined by unaccountable government between the three year Federal elections and those other elections for the States and Councils. Should not Australians demand constitutional reform?
Why are we bound to the past? What if we went a new way? For the sake of debate, here is one:
A Vision for a post-Parkes Two-tier Australian National State
A New Two Tier Government System?
We would get one true chance at a new system for Australia amidst the turmoil of the future. We need to think in a ‘revolutionary way’ to arrive at proper and democratic outcomes.
* Australian National Government to make the transition to a more direct democracy with a parliament elected geographically and occupationally, with some delegates changing from session to session if the constituents demand it.
* All State and Territory governments to be abolished.
* All of Australia's 560 odd local councils to be abolished, pending reconstruction.
* Each state government to make the transition to a single house executive 'county government' to replace capital city councils and take responsibility for a broad regional area encapsulating the entire metropolitan area in which they were formerly placed.
Geographic Basis
* New county governments to be established aligned on a natural regional basis of
(1) Australia's 85 bio-regions, and (2) take some account of Australian ancient Aboriginal tribal boundaries, and (3) employ a series of community-based forums and plebiscites to decide on final boundaries. The offices of the previous councils to be utilised and adapted. Direct democracy; citizens’ initiated referenda and voter recall to be brought into the system.
* The county assemblies to serve as elected structures, but not necessarily on the basis of set terms; they should allow for continual election and wider participation, with participation not set as always geographic but occupational, family and other.
Ref: A Map of Australia's 85 Bioregions
National Jurisdictions
* The National Government to retain is current jurisdictions and to adopt most jurisdictions of the States, namely:
1. National Transport - all roads, all rail, all shipping, all ports, car registrations, licensing, related infrastructure.
2. National Health - all hospitals, healthcare, aged care, ambulance services, integrated to allow universal free medical care.
3. National Education - all child care, primary, secondary and tertiary education.
4. National Environmental Conservation Management, transitioning all State forests of high conservation value into National Parks, with remaining Crown land handed to the new counties
5. Australian Heritage
6. The Arts
7. National Police Force management
8. New Emergency Management Australia to include a merger of all fire fighting agencies (both metropolitan and rural), State emergency services and expansion into centrally co-ordinated disaster prevention, management and relief functions
County Jurisdictions
1. Land Management
2. Housing development
3. Town Planning
4. Crown Lands (now county lands) not deemed high conservation value which may be converted into National Parks
5. County community services - unemployment benefits, pensions, housing and basic safety net services
6. Local Aboriginal Affairs - now at County level
7. Commercial and trade development
8. County water and sewerage
9. Waste management services
10. Parks and Gardens
11. Energy planning (jointly with Federal Government) - for further consideration
Revenue Bases
* County governments to acquire the revenue bases of the respective multiple councils lying within the new county boundaries
* All State revenues to pass to the Federal Government, except that county governments may acquire revenues from agreed sources – possibly from a raft of taxes such as: payroll tax, stamp duties, and property based taxes such as land tax, as well as any sales tax revenue [collected by the national government under the current method, but 100% distributed to all counties on a per capita basis], and a percentage of Company Tax (using the distributed method as currently).
* All revenues from motor vehicle related taxes to transfer to the National government which would be responsible for national transport.
Democratic Contract
* As a safeguard against repeating the current system of broken electoral promises, the respective National and County governments are to be held accountable for electoral promises - or else a re-election can be triggered. This would take the form of election promises formalising into an 'election contract' with the people, wherein at the end of each financial year if certain percentage of the contractual promises for that first year have not been delivered, this will trigger an election. This would require constitutional reform enabling Binding Citizens Initiated Referendum along the lines of the Swiss model.
Legislation
* State based courts (except county courts) to come under National jurisdiction. New County Courts to be a merger of old district or county courts and magistrates courts.
* All Acts to be at the National jurisdiction, with county governments responsible for county By-Laws. Pre-existing State legislation to be rationalised to be made consistent and thence to be part of a National legal system.
Ongoing Discussion: Two-Tier Regionalism
Comments
Search for Truth (not verified)
Tue, 2010-03-02 09:50
Permalink
Post comments here re constitutional reform
Search For Truth (not verified)
Tue, 2010-03-02 11:59
Permalink
How to tackle reform?
John Marlowe
Wed, 2010-03-03 08:43
Permalink
Realigning government to people starts with vision then strategy
James Sinnamon
Sun, 2010-03-07 09:23
Permalink
Citizens' control of political institutions most critical issue
John Marlowe
Tue, 2010-03-09 15:42
Permalink
Government three tiers are not working for Australians
R.Raveindran (not verified)
Thu, 2010-08-05 21:07
Permalink
two-tier government
Search For Truth (not verified)
Sat, 2010-08-07 02:59
Permalink
Re Two Tier Government I really thought……
Scott W (not verified)
Sun, 2010-08-15 16:32
Permalink
Is State identity to
John Marlowe
Mon, 2010-08-16 16:22
Permalink
Committed to criticism yet uncommitted to problem solving?
R. RAVEINDRAN (not verified)
Tue, 2011-05-31 13:12
Permalink
Two-Tier Government for Australia - We are at crossroads
dave1 (not verified)
Wed, 2011-06-01 11:04
Permalink
Railway at Baulkham Hills?
Add comment